原发性肝癌主要包括肝细胞癌、肝内胆管癌和混合型癌三种病理类型,其中肝细胞癌为主要的病理类型。肝细胞癌的诊断主要依靠影像学和病理诊断,但其检查价格昂贵,肝穿刺活检具有一定的风险性,并且肝癌发病较为隐匿,早期无典型的临床表现,故早期诊断率低,往往发现时已经为中晚期,很多患者因此错失手术机会,预后较差。因此,许多研究者正在努力寻找可以更有效地诊断早期肝癌的生物标志物。本文将归纳总结肝癌的血清学标志物及其特点,并分析它们在肝癌早期诊断、预测复发及转移方面的价值,为肝癌的早期筛查提供一些理论支持。Primary liver cancer mainly includes three pathological types: hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and mixed type carcinoma, among which hepatocellular carcinoma is the main pathological type. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma mainly relies on imaging and pathological diagnosis, but its examination cost is expensive, liver biopsy has a certain degree of risk, and the onset of liver cancer is relatively insidious. There are no typical clinical manifestations in the early stage, and the early diagnosis rate is low. Often, it is discovered in the middle or late stage, and many patients miss the opportunity for surgery, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, many researchers are working hard to find biomarkers that can more effectively diagnose early liver cancer. This article will summarize the serological markers and their characteristics of liver cancer, and analyze their value in early diagnosis, prediction of recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer, providing some theoretical support for early screening of liver cancer.
