变应性鼻炎(AR)是IgE介导的I型超敏反应性疾病,以鼻痒、阵发性喷嚏、清水样涕及鼻塞为特征。中国成人患病率从2005年的11.1%升至2021年的17.6%,患者超2.4亿,儿童群体尤为突出。北方地区因蒿属花粉致敏率高,发病率可达34.1%,南方则以尘螨为主要诱因。气候变化加剧过敏风险,花粉季延长与空气污染叠加,进一步加重症状。此病临床症状以鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏为主,常伴眼痒、疲劳、睡眠障碍等全身反应,约40%患者合并哮喘,60%并发结膜炎。传统治疗依赖鼻用激素、抗组胺药及脱敏疗法,但长期用药副作用明显,且仅10%患者接受脱敏治疗,但具有疗程长的缺点。中医将AR归为“鼻鼽”,病机为在肺、脾、肾三脏虚损的基础上,感受风寒异气,鼻窍受邪导致。本文就中西医对于变应性鼻炎的治疗进展进行综述,为此病的防治提供参考。Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type I hypersensitivity disease mediated by IgE, characterized by nasal itching, paroxysmal sneezing, watery nasal discharge, and nasal congestion. The adult prevalence rate in China has increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2021, with over 240 million patients, particularly among children. The sensitization rate of Artemisia pollen in the north is high, and the incidence rate can reach 34.1%, while dust mites are the main inducement in the south. Climate change exacerbates the risk of allergies, and the prolonged pollen season combined with air pollution further exacerbates symptoms. The clinical symptoms of this disease are mainly nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing, often accompanied by systemic reactions such as eye itching, fatigue, and sleep disorders. About 40% of patients also have asthma, and 60% have conjunctivitis. Traditional treatment relies on nasal steroids, antihistamines, and desensitization therapy, but long-term medication has significant side effects, and only 10% of patients receive desensitization treatment. However, it has the
突发性耳聋是一种突然发生、原因不明的感音神经性听力损失,可伴有耳鸣、眩晕等症状,严重影响患者生活质量。其发病机制复杂,目前认为与病毒感染、内耳供血障碍、自身免疫反应等多种因素相关,现代医学主要采用药物治疗、高压氧治疗等方法,但部分患者疗效欠佳。中医治疗不仅可缓解症状,还能从根本上调节人体机能,提高患者的康复效果和生活质量,减少复发风险。本文旨在探讨中医治疗突发性耳聋的理论基础、临床疗效及作用机制,以期为临床治疗提供新思路和方法。Sudden deafness is a type of sensorineural hearing loss that occurs suddenly and of unknown cause, and can be accompanied by symptoms such as tinnitus and dizziness, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Its pathogenesis is complex and is currently believed to be related to various factors such as viral infection, inner ear blood supply disorders, and autoimmune reactions. Modern medicine mainly uses drug therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and other methods, but some patients have poor therapeutic effects. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment can not only alleviate symptoms, but also fundamentally regulate human body functions, improve patients’ rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life, and reduce the risk of recurrence. This article aims to explore the theoretical basis, clinical efficacy, and mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of sudden deafness, in order to provide new ideas and methods for clinical treatment.
变应性鼻炎(AR)是由IgE介导的鼻黏膜慢性炎症,以阵发性喷嚏、清水样涕、鼻塞及鼻痒为特征,常由尘螨、花粉等过敏原诱发,具有遗传易感性和环境相关性。当前临床治疗以规避过敏原、药物干预(抗组胺药、糖皮质激素、白三烯受体拮抗剂等)及免疫治疗为主。药物治疗虽能快速缓解症状,但长期使用可能伴随嗜睡、鼻腔干燥等副作用;免疫治疗作为对因治疗,面临疗程冗长(2~3年)、患者依从性低等局限。手术治疗仅适用于鼻甲结构异常者,难以解决免疫失衡的根本问题。针灸疗法在变应性鼻炎的防治中展现独特优势,作为绿色疗法,针灸通过刺激特定等穴位,调节交感与副交感神经平衡,改善鼻黏膜炎症反应,从整体上调节免疫紊乱,与西药相比针灸无全身副作用,且能通过多靶点调节体质,降低复发率。本文就针灸治疗变应性鼻炎进行综述,以期为变应性鼻炎的后续研究奠定基础。Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa mediated by IgE, characterized by paroxysmal sneezing, watery nasal discharge, nasal congestion, and nasal itching. It is often induced by allergens such as dust mites and pollen, and has genetic susceptibility and environmental relevance. The current clinical treatment mainly focuses on avoiding allergens, drug intervention (antihistamines, glucocorticoids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, etc.), and immunotherapy. Although medication can quickly alleviate symptoms, long-term use may be accompanied by side effects such as drowsiness and dry nasal cavity;Immunotherapy, as a targeted treatment, faces limitations such as lengthy treatment courses (2~3 years) and low patient compliance. Surgical treatment is only suitable for patients with abnormal nasal turbinate structure and is difficult to solve the fundamental problem of immune imbalance. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy shows unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of allergic r
