神经胶质瘤是一种常见、具有高度侵袭性的神经系统肿瘤,因生长快速,广泛浸润邻近脑组织,假性坏死和诱导血管生成,且无明显的作用靶点,所以胶质瘤预后较差,复发率高,其发生和发展受到多种细胞因子的调节。其中白细胞介素4诱导蛋白1 (IL-4I1)作为一种重要的神经系统细胞因子,逐渐引起了研究者的关注。IL-4I1不仅参与肿瘤微环境的调节,还可能影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、存活和迁移等过程,在神经胶质瘤的发生与发展中发挥重要作用。目前的研究表明,IL-4I1通过多条信号通路影响神经胶质瘤的生物学特性,但其具体机制还未有明确说明。因此,通过影响IL-4I1的表达为神经胶质瘤的治疗提供了新的思路。本文旨在综述IL-4I1在神经胶质瘤中的作用机制、相关信号通路以及其在临床应用中的前景,为研究人员提供关于IL-4I1在这一领域的最新进展和未来研究方向。Glioma is a common and highly aggressive neurologic tumor with a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate due to its rapid growth, extensive invasion of adjacent brain tissues, pseudonecrosis and induction of angiogenesis, and no obvious target, and its occurrence and progression are regulated by a variety of cytokines. Among them, interleukin 4-inducible protein 1 (IL-4I1), as an important nervous system cytokine, has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. IL-4I1 is not only involved in the regulation of tumor microenvironment, but also may affect the proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of glioma. Current studies have shown that IL-4I1 affects the biology of glioma through multiple signaling pathways, but the specific mechanism of IL-4I1 has not been clearly explained. Therefore, by affecting the expression of IL-4I1, it provides a new idea for the treatment of glioma. The purpose of this article is to review the mechanism of IL-4I1 in glioma, relat
脑胶质瘤是成人中枢神经系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,尤其是恶性程度高的胶质母细胞瘤,其预后极差,传统的手术、放疗和化疗等治疗方式效果有限。蛋白酶体抑制剂作为一种新兴的抗肿瘤治疗方式,通过抑制细胞蛋白降解的通路,干扰细胞内蛋白质稳态,进而诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。本文综述了蛋白酶体抑制剂在脑胶质瘤治疗中的作用机制、临床前和临床研究进展,并探讨了其应用前景和面临的挑战。Gliomas are one of the most common malignant tumors in the adult central nervous system, especially highly malignant glioblastomas, which have a very poor prognosis. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have limited effectiveness. Proteasome inhibitors, as an emerging anti-tumor therapy, interfere with intracellular protein homeostasis by inhibiting the pathway of cellular protein degradation, thereby inducing tumor cell death. This article reviews the mechanism of action, preclinical and clinical research progress of proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma, and explores their application prospects and challenges.
目的:分析探讨不同肠内营养对脑出血昏迷患者医院获得性肺炎的临床影响。方法:选取我院2022年7月至2024年7月收治的100名脑出血昏迷患者,将所有患者按照治疗方法的不同,分为50例对照组和50例观察组,分别采用经鼻胃管肠内营养和经鼻肠管肠内营养这两种不同的肠内营养支持。治疗结束后,比较两组患者的炎症因子检测、营养指标、HAP的诊断、肠道菌群分析等指标差异。结果:1) 分析对比两组患者的治疗总有效率:观察组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P Objective: To analyze and explore the clinical effects of different enteral nutrition on hospital-acquired pneumonia in comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: 100 comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from July 2022 to July 2024 were selected. All patients were divided into a control group of 50 cases and an observation group of 50 cases according to different treatment methods, and received two different types of enteral nutrition support: nasogastric enteral nutrition and nasointestinal enteral nutrition. After treatment, the differences in inflammatory factor detection, nutritional indicators, HAP diagnosis, and gut microbiota analysis between the two groups of patients were compared. Results: 1) Analysis and comparison of the total effective rate of treatment between the two groups of patients: The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). 2) Analysis and comparison of the incidence of complications between two groups of patients: the incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of nasointestinal enteral nutrition support in comatose patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage can impr
