例1患者男,47岁。因无明显诱因突感右眼视物不清,于2019年3月7日到山东省临沂市人民医院眼科就诊。既往双眼高度近视病史30余年。眼科检查:右眼、左眼最佳矫正视力(BCVA)分别为0.10、0.15。右眼、左眼眼压分别为13.0、22.3 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)。双眼后囊膜混浊。眼底检查:右眼玻璃体腔内重度混浊,可见大量色素颗粒,鼻下方视网膜脱离明显,黄斑区受累,鼻上方中纬部约1个视盘直径大小的视网膜撕裂孔,变性区明显;左眼玻璃体腔轻度混浊,视网膜平伏,视盘颜色淡红,颞侧萎缩弧,黄斑区中心凹反光消失,视网膜血管走形正常,“豹纹状”眼底(图1A,1B)。
近视对儿童和青少年的视力健康构成了严重威胁,其发病率逐年增长,已经变成全球性的公共健康难题,但其病理机制仍未完全明确。多巴胺(DA)是视网膜上的关键神经递质,在实验性近视的生成和抑制过程中,通过结合相应受体发挥至关重要的作用,而其相关信号通路在近视产生和进展过程中的具体机制也受到了广泛的关注。本文将针对在近视的发病机制中多巴胺及其受体产生的作用进行综述,旨在深入了解近视疾病机制,为其预防与治疗提供新的靶点。Myopia is a serious threat to the vision health of children and adolescents, with an increasing incidence rate and becoming a global public health problem. However, its pathological mechanism is still not completely clear. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in the retina, which plays a crucial role in the generation and inhibition of experimental myopia by binding to its corresponding receptors. The specific mechanism of its related signaling pathways in the development and progression of myopia has also received extensive attention. This article reviews the role of dopamine and its receptors in the pathogenesis of myopia, in order to understand the mechanism of myopia and provide new targets for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
