糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus, DM)作为一种慢性代谢疾病,其发生与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞受损密切相关,DM及其并发症严重威胁全球健康。线粒体自噬作为清除受损线粒体的关键机制,在DM及其并发症的病理过程中扮演重要角色。本文系统综述了线粒体自噬的核心调控机制,并深入探讨其通过调控氧化应激、炎症反应及细胞稳态,从而改善糖尿病肾病、视网膜病变、神经病变及心血管并发症的作用机制,为基于线粒体自噬的新型药物开发及糖尿病慢性并发症的防治提供依据。Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder closely associated with insulin resistance and impairment of pancreatic β-cells, poses significant threats to global health through its associated complications. Mitophagy, as a critical quality control mechanism for eliminating damaged mitochondria, plays a pivotal role in the pathological progression of DM and its complications. This review systematically elucidates the core regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy and comprehensively investigates its therapeutic potential in diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular complications through modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and cellular homeostasis. The findings provide theoretical foundations for developing novel mitophagy targeted therapeutic strategies and advancing the clinical management of chronic diabetic complications.
