随着时代的发展,钢由于其比较低廉的价格和可靠的性能成为了世界上被使用最多的材料之一。由于海洋环境中的含盐量、温度、微生物等一些因素,钢材被腐蚀的情况也越来越多,因此,耐海水腐蚀钢逐渐出现。本文综述了近年来降低钢材在海水中的腐蚀速率的方法,包括改变钢材元素含量、柠檬酸钝化、牺牲阳极或外加电流的阴极保护法、物理气相沉积法、化学气相沉积法、热喷涂法、电沉积法等来对钢材进行成分或者表面改性,进而达到增加钢材的耐腐蚀性的目的。最后对钢材耐腐蚀性的提高进行了总结及展望。With the development of the times, steel has become one of the most used materials in the world due to its relatively low price and reliable performance. Due to some factors such as salt content, temperature, and microorganisms in the marine environment, steel is increasingly corroded, so seawater corrosion-resistant steel is gradually emerging. In this paper, the methods to reduce the corrosion rate of steel in seawater in recent years are reviewed, including changing the element content of steel, citric acid passivation, cathodic protection method of sacrificial anode or impressed current, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, thermal spraying, electrodeposition, etc., to modify the composition or surface of steel, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the corrosion resistance of steel. Finally, the improvement of steel corrosion resistance is summarized and prospected.
