目的:探讨阿扎胞苷(AZA)在急性白血病异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后维持治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法:对2018年1月至2023年12月期间,于安徽医科大学第一附属医院血液内科接受allo-HSCT的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中33例急性白血病患者在allo-HSCT后采用含AZA的方案进行维持治疗;同期有30例急性白血病患者未进行维持治疗。观察两组患者移植后移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的发生情况,运用Kaplan-Meier法计算总体生存率(OS)、无白血病生存率(LFS),以此评估含AZA维持治疗方案的疗效及安全性。结果:随访至2024年12月1日,维持治疗组的终点OS率(90.9% vs. 70.0%)和LFS率(81.8% vs. 50.0%)均明显高于对照组,OS和LFS分别显著延长(43.4 ± 1.9 vs. 26.2 ± 2.6个月,p = 0.01;40.0 ± 2.5 vs. 20.3 ± 2.8个月,p = 0.0004)。GVHD发生率方面,两组在急性GVHD (27.3% vs. 36.7%, p = 0.589)和慢性GVHD (31.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 1.000)上无显著差异,表明AZA维持治疗未增加GVHD风险。结论:应用含AZA方案进行allo-HSCT后维持治疗可显著提高移植后急性白血病患者的OS和LFS,且不增加GVHD风险。Objective: Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Azacitidine (AZA) as Post-Transplant Maintenance Therapy in Acute Leukemia Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from patients who underwent allo-HSCT for acute leukemia in the Department of Hematology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2018 and December 2023. Thirty-three patients received AZA-based maintenance therapy post-transplant, while 30 patients served as controls without maintenance. Outcomes including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) incidence, overall survival (OS), and leukemia-free survival (LFS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: By December 1, 2024, the AZA maintenance group demonstrated significantly higher OS (90.9% vs. 7
