非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)已成为全球最普遍的慢性肝病,其不断攀升的患病率对公共卫生系统造成显著负担。NAFLD作为一种复杂的慢性代谢性疾病,其发病机制尚未阐明,许多因素例如胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢紊乱、肠道菌群失调等均与该疾病密切相关。目前尚无公认且有效的治疗方法,近年来饮食疗法被认为是NAFLD治疗的基石,其中地中海饮食被推荐为最佳饮食方案。本文重点评述了地中海饮食作为营养干预方案的重要作用,包括减重、改善胰岛素敏感性、调节脂质代谢、重塑肠道微生态等效应。现有研究虽证实地中海饮食的有效性,但对其长期疗效和剂量效应仍需深入探讨。未来研究应建立标准化干预方案,结合组学技术阐明分子互作网络,并建议将数字健康技术融入饮食管理以提升依从性。Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the world, and its increasing prevalence poses a significant burden on the public health system. NAFLD is a complex chronic metabolic disease whose pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated, and which is associated with many factors, such as insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and intestinal flora disorders. There is no recognized and effective treatment, and in recent years, dietary therapy has been considered the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment, with the Mediterranean diet (MD) recommended as the optimal dietary regimen. This article focuses on the important role of the Mediterranean diet as a nutritional intervention program, including effects such as weight loss, improvement of insulin sensitivity, modulation of lipid metabolism, and remodeling of intestinal microecology. Although existing studies confirm the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet, its long-term efficacy and dose effects still need to be explored in depth. Future studies should establish standardized intervention protocols, elucidate the molecula
