Revetments of concrete frame tetrahedrons are being used more and more in river engineering in China. Due to their complex geometry, it is difficult to measure the velocity fields inside them using traditional measurement methods. This limits understanding of their mechanics, potentially leading to suboptimal solutions. A 3-D hydrodynamic model based on the commercial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code, Fluent, was developed to predict velocity fields and drags. The realizable k-e model was adopted for turbulent closure of the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes （RANS） equations. The study demonstrates that the numerical model can effectively supplement experimental studies in understanding the complex flow fields and mechanics of concrete frame tetrahedron revetments. Graphs showing the drag coefficient CD versus Reynolds number Re and lift coefficient CL versus Reynolds number Re were produced.
The interaction between solid structures and free-surface flows is investigated in this study. A Smoothed Particle Hy- drodynamics （SPH） model is used in the investigation and is verified against analytical solutions and experimental obser- vations. The main aim is to examine the effectiveness of a tsunami-resistant house design by predicting the wave loads on it. To achieve this, the solitary wave generation and ran-up are studied first. The solitary wave is generated by allowing a heavily weighted block to penetrate into a tank of water at one end, and the near-shore seabed is modelled by an inclined section with a constant slope. Then, the SPH model is applied to simulate the three-dimensional flows around different types of houses under the action of a solitary wave. It has been found that the tsunami-resistant house design reduces the impact force by a factor of three.
LIANG Dong-fangN. I. ThusyanthanS. P. Gopal Madabhushi唐洪武
To measure the surface flow in a physical river model, an improved system of Large-Scale Particle Tracking Velocimetry （LSPTV） was proposed and the elements of the PTV system were described. Usually the tracer particles of a PTV system seeded on water surface tend to form conglomerates due to surface tension of water. In addition, they can not float on water surface when water flow is shallow. Ellipsoid particles were used to avoid the above problems. Another important issue is particle recognition. In order to eliminate the influence of noise, particles were recognized by the processing of multi-frame images. The kernel of the improved PTV system is the algorithm for particle tracking. A new 3-frame PTV algorithm was developed. The performance of this algorithm was compared with the conventional 4-frame PTV algorithm and 2-frame PTV algorithm by means of computer simulation using synthetically generated images. The results show that the new 3-frame PTV algorithm can recover more velocity vectors and have lower relative error. In addition, in order to attain the whole flow field from individual flow fields, the method of stitching individual flow fields by obvious marks was worked out. Then the improved PTV system was applied to the measurement of surface flow field in Model Yellow River and shows good performance.
采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法和标准k-ε模型,对涉河桥梁桥墩附近河段三维流场进行了精细模拟,通过不断改变桥墩宽、桥墩数、桥梁跨径、桥墩和水流的夹角、桥梁和水流的夹角和桥墩的布置形式等,进一步分析各个因素对桥梁壅水的影响.计算分析成果表明桥墩在桥梁稳定的前提下,减少其宽度可以有效地降低壅水高度,同时双圆柱型桥墩有利于降低壅水高度.桥墩轴线尽可能顺应水流流向,桥梁轴线尽可能与水流流向垂直,至少要将夹角控制在65°以上.
